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Cells are the smallest parts in the bodies of all living things. The cells in all living things are always different from each other.
However, basically each cell is divided into two types, namely eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and other organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and ribosomes.
There are many differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. This difference is more visible in the structure of the arrangement.
Both cells have DNA and RNA and are stored in polypeptides. The most basic difference is that eukaryotic cells are sometimes unicellular and multicellular and also have other organelles.
Meanwhile, prokaryotic cells are only unicellular and only have membranes.
Eukaryotic cells have DNA located in the nucleus and the storage process is in one cell and has complete organelles.
Meanwhile, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or other organelles as a storage place. The nucleus is the cell nucleus found in each cell.
Eukaryotic cells
This type of cell contains a complete nucleus and other organelles so that it is larger than prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells can be found in multicellular organisms, and organisms that have eukaryotic cells are called eukaryotes. This group of cells will evolve from fungi to humans.
Organelles in eukaryotic cells can do specific jobs. One of the organelles, mitochondria, has the task of providing energy.
Meanwhile, other organelles such as vacuoles have the function of storing energy. With this organelle, the division of tasks is clearer and more specific.
The basic structure of the cell nucleus organelles is shaped like a jelly liquid, the plasma membrane is filled with cytoplasm.
Cytoplasm also has various structures such as the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells also have other membranes with different functions, and are complex.
In essence, eukaryotic cells can perform different functions than prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells
Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and are single-celled like bacteria.
Organisms that grow with prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes. Most organisms that are still developing today are from this group.
Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have a nucleus and are bound by a membrane. Prokaryotes only have ribosomes but are not protected by a membrane.
Prokaryotic cells carry out metabolism in the cytosol in ribosomes. The smallest size of a prokaryotic cell is around 2-5 micron scale.
With a relatively small size, in fact each cell contains chemicals that function as energy, reproduction, etc.
Difference between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells
In terms of shape, eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Their size is up to ten times that of prokaryotic cells, reaching 100 micron scales. Eukaryotic cells also develop earlier than prokaryotic cells.
That’s more about the differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells:
- Nuclear membrane
The most obvious difference between these two cells is in the burning of the nucleus. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, prokaryotic cells do not.
- Mesosome
The respiratory process of eukaryotic cells occurs in mitochondria because they do not have mesosomes. Prokaryotic cells have mesosomes as a place for cell respiration to occur.
- Nucleus
The nucleus is the core of the cell. Prokaryotic cells do not have one because they do not have a nuclear membrane. On the other hand, eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane.
- Trait Bearer
Eukaryotic cells have their properties stored in chromosomes, while prokaryotic cells have their properties stored in DNA.
- Ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes and are located in the endoplasmic ritecum. Meanwhile, prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes located in the cytoplasm.
- Organelles
Prokaryotic cells do not have organelles while eukaryotic cells have complete organelles.
- Cell Wall
Eukaryotic cells do not necessarily have cell walls like plants. Prokaryotic cell walls contain peptidoglycan.
- Size
The diameter of eukaryotic cells reaches 10-100 nm while prokaryotic cells are only 1-10 nm.
- Movement tool
The means of locomotion in eukaryotes are cilia, amoeba or flagella. In prokaryotic cells the only means of movement are flagella cells.
- Mitosis and meiosis
Eukaryotic cells carry out meiosis and mitosis while prokaryotic cells do not.
That is our discussion on this occasion regarding the differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Hopefully it can be useful.
Also read: Understanding Somaclonal Diversity
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