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Understanding Adenine and Guanine: Difference between Adenine and Guanine Bases – The human body consists of many different systems, and each system consists of organs, cells and others.
Our cells have many different parts that have simple functions for cell survival.
Cell and mineral processes nutrition, reproduction, and function will be aided by those parts. Moreover, in the core, is the basic information where all our genetic data is stored.
DNA and RNA are the origins of nucleic substances that can be found in cells. There are 5 types of nitrogen bases in nucleic acids, including adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil.
Among the 5 types of bases, adenine and guanine consist of purine derivatives. Purines are characterized by a double-ring structure in their chemical formula.
Adenine and guanine are two types of nitrogen bases in nucleic acids. In this article, we will discuss the differences between the bases adenine and guanine. Check out the following explanation!
Definition of Adenine Base
In DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid and RNA or ribonucleic acid, which is genetic information stored in organisms, adenine can be found and is a type of nucleobase.
It is a substance often studied in biochemistry due to its many important roles in the body of organisms.
It has the chemical formula C5H5N5. It is a purine, which means that it is a kind of organic compound consisting of carbon and nitrogen atoms arranged in the form of two rings.
Adenine is not only found in nucleic acids. But it can also be found in many different substances, such as some tea blends which also contain these nucleic bases.
That means these nucleic bases can also form various compounds that are very common in nature and in some foods and drinks.
For example, cobalamim, which is generally referred to as vitamin B12, is actually an adenine compound which is useful for energy effects and is a natural antidepressant.
1. Function of adenine in DNA
As it is already known that the structure of adenine is found in DNA and RNA, it is time to get to know their function in each compound.
His function is always related to Timin who is his partner.
They are quite a strong couple so it is very difficult to separate them. Indeed, cases of separation between thymine and adenine are rarely heard of.
2. Function of adenine in RNA
Unlike DNA in RNA, Adenine no longer pairs with thymine but with uracil (U).
But the function of adenine is more or less the same as the function of DNA.
The only difference is their partner. But in the end, these two substances will be the determinants between the results that occur due to reactions in DNA and RNA.
These compounds that bind to DNA and RNA definitely have different hydrogen bonds which will determine the reaction that will occur.
As is the case with adenine which has 2 hydrogen bonds. This bond occurs due to the relationship between adenine and thymine. Meanwhile, in the other pair, namely guanine and cytosine, 3 hydrogen bonds are formed.
In fact, adenine is not only found in the reaction between DNA and RNA but is also found in tea mixtures.
Maybe some people don’t think that this substance can be easily found in everyday life.
Apart from that, our energy also contains adenine, namely Adenine Triphosphate. With this energy content, we can easily carry out activities.
There are several experts who say that Adenine contains vitamin B4 but is no longer included in vitamin B.
The nitrogen base compound adenine can also be found in several foods and drinks that we consume.
This is what will be the source of energy in each of our bodies. Therefore there is also a reaction with adenine during energy formation.
Understanding Guanine
Guanine is one of the building blocks of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), namely complex molecules called nucleotides.
Apart from adenine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, guanine is a structure consisting of a two-ring molecule and is also one of the five nucleobase components found in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.
Guanine is a purine nucleobase that has the chemical formula C5H5N5O. Purines are heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds. As a purine, adenine consists of two carbon rings: a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring.
Guanine is a nitrogen base. That means it contains a lot of nitrogen atoms (five, to be exact) and, chemically, it’s basic rather than acidic.
Because the guanine form includes two rings, putting it in the purine category, it can form three weak hydrogen bonds, which allows it to bond with its cytosine counterpart.
Difference between Adenine and Guanine Bases
- Complementary Base Pairs
In terms of complementary base pairs, adenine forms complementary base pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA. Meanwhile, guanine forms complementary base pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA. (Also read: Understanding RNA)
- Bond
Adenine always binds thymine and this is different from guanine which always binds cytosine. Three hydrogen bonds are formed between guanine and cytosine, while two hydrogen bonds are formed between adenine and thymine.
- Functional Groups
In its pyrimidine ring, adenine contains an amine group at C-6. Meanwhile, guanine contains an amine group at C-2 and a carbonyl group at C-6 in its pyrimidine ring.
- Formula
The molecular formula for adenine is C5H5N5, responsible for cellular respiration. Meanwhile, the molecular formula for guanine is C5H5N5O, which plays a role in intracellular signaling networks.
- Molecular Time
The molecular mass of adenine is 135.13 g / mol. Meanwhile, guanine has a molecular mass of 151.13 g/mol.
- Solubility in water
Adenine can dissolve in water and its water solubility level is 0.103 g / 100 mL. On the other hand, guanine is insoluble in water.
- In Nulke
Adenine nucleside is called adenosine while guanine is called guanosine.
- Other Functions
Adenine has another function, namely that adenine is important for building ATP, NAD and FAD which function as energy carriers. Meanwhile, guanine builds GTP which functions as a second messenger.
Adenine and guanine are purines which consist of two rings of nitrogen and carbon atoms. The two rings are formed by a six-membered pyrimidine ring with five five-membered imdazole rings.
These two rings are joined together, forming a single flat structure. Adenine and guanine are formed from the same precursor, namely IMP.
IMP is synthesized from sugars and amino acids in a series of steps in de Novo synthesis. Adenine and guanine have the same melting point, namely 360 ??C. They differ from the functional group, which is attached to the purine core of each molecule. That is the explanation of the difference between the bases adenine and guanine. Hopefully this article is useful for all readers!
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