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Types of pests and pest control methods for longan plants must be studied before starting to plant this fruit plant.
Because if this chapter is not studied first, it is feared that when pests appear, farmers will panic.
Existing plants are pruned completely, or sprayed with harmful substances.
Types and Methods of Controlling Longan Plant Pests
There are quite a lot of types of longan plant pests. All of them have the potential to damage plants and prevent them from bearing fruit. Here are the types and methods of controlling pests and diseases of longan plants:
1. Bats
The first type of longan plant pest is bats. This is an animal that must be expelled from the longan plant.
Especially just before harvest. Because this animal will steal it and eat it until it’s gone.
If bats are not eradicated, it is certain that farmers will not be able to harvest. Because the fruit that should have been picked was lost. Meanwhile, there were also many who fell.
Usually after stealing longan fruit, the bats will come back again.
If control is not carried out, eventually other bats will arrive. This is what causes the harvest to fail.
The following are some controls that must be carried out:
- Control that can be done is to carry out plant sanitation. You can trim the leaves so that the plant is not too dense. Apart from that, please make a tight net. So that when bats come they cannot enter the plants. Meanwhile, those who are still inside cannot get out. So that the next day the farmer can catch this fruit-stealing nocturnal animal. If this method is done well, of course the bats will not dare to come back. So the fruit is safer and the harvest will be more satisfying.
2. Stem Borer Pests
The next type of longan plant pest is the stem borer. This is also a pest that must be controlled as soon as possible. If necessary, rinse thoroughly.
Because, this stem borer pest will attack the young stems of longan plants.
Usually this caterpillar-shaped animal will make a hole in the stem of a plant that is still tender. After that he will occupy the stem for a long time.
One of the symptoms of a plant being attacked by a stem borer is that there are many droppings and holes in the stem area.
If it is not addressed immediately, the nutrients will be reduced which will hamper plant growth.
The controls that must be carried out are as follows:
- This is done by spraying insecticide. Choose the carbofuran type.
- If you can’t find carbofuran, you can use an alternative active substance such as fipronil. These two substances are thought to be able to overcome stem borer pests before they reproduce. Because if new larvae appear, their spread will be faster. Because the population growth of this pest is extraordinary.
3. Fruit Sucking Beetle
The next type of longan plant pest is the fruit-sucking beetle. This is what makes the initially fresh fruit become dry and wilted.
Symptoms of fruit being eaten by this type of beetle are that there is severe rot. In fact, many fruits fell to the ground, because they were suddenly released from the stems.
If this problem occurs, it is better to control it as soon as possible. Or the fruit will run out and the harvest will fail.
Control methods that can be carried out are:
- Collect rotten fruit and burn it. Because caterpillars in rotten fruit can spread to other fruit.
- Apart from that, spray insecticide using Anastatus Sp. Make sure the dose is right. Because if it is excessive, the plant can overheat which risks the death of the plant.
- The next step is to check around the plant if there are larvae hanging around the fruit stalk, immediately remove them manually. Because once the seeds hatch, the nearest fruit will wilt.
4. Aphids
Aphids are a type of very small animal about the size of an ant. This animal is so hidden that it is difficult to see.
However, if the grasshopper attacks the plant, the leaves will immediately dry and fall off.
What makes it difficult for aphid pests to be seen is that their color is almost the same as the color of the leaves, namely green. Apart from that, these flea-like animals don’t really like the sun.
Therefore, its favorite place is under leaves and in the folds of twigs.
This pest control method can be done by:
- Just spray insecticide. Almost all substances can be used as long as the dosage is correct.
Types and Methods of Controlling Longan Plant Diseases
Apart from pests that can reduce and also disrupt the growth of longan plants, there are diseases.
The following are the types and methods of controlling longan plant diseases that we must know before cultivating longan plants:
1. White Root
This white root disease is caused by fungi such as the fungus Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzch) Imazeki.
This disease attacks young plant parts. Affected leaves will turn yellow and wilt. If this continues, the leaves will fall and die.
Meanwhile, infected plant roots will cause rot and dryness.
If we dismantle the planting medium for longan plants, we will find threads on the surface of the roots that are white, like nets.
There are several control and prevention methods that can be done, including:
- By eradicating or dismantling plant roots or removing plant stems that are infected with white root disease and then destroying them by burning or burying them in another area so as not to infect other plants and then the hole where the plant was removed is replaced with a new plant.
2. Leaf Spot (Pestalotia sp.)
This disease usually attacks the leaves, causing the growth and development of the leaves to be hampered.
By blocking the leaves, it will disrupt the production process and also the growth of longan plants because the leaves are the site of photosynthesis.
Also Read: Understanding Photosynthesis
Control methods that can be carried out include:
- Pay attention to plant cleanliness, namely by cleaning weeds in the planting area.
- Reduce humidity levels because high humidity levels can cause this disease to grow well.
- Spray fungicide which has the active ingredient chlorothalonil on longan plants that are moderately to heavily infested.
3. Black Root (Rosellina bunodes)
Black root disease caused by a fungus that causes the leaves to turn dull and yellowish green and hang;
Control can be done in the following way:
- Take the affected plants and the planting medium to throw them away and burn them
- The holes where the plant remains are removed are then sown with T. Harzianum at a dose of 200 gr/hole
4. Upas Mushroom (Corticium salmonicolor)
Upas fungus is a very dangerous disease for longan plants and of course this disease is very feared by longan farmers because this disease can cause death of plants.
The symptoms caused by the Upas fungus are the presence of white threads like spider webs on the stems.
If this continues, the threads will turn pink and will slowly wrap around the tissue at the bottom of the stem.
Control methods that can be used for this disease are:
- An intensive observation process was carried out on the affected plants
- Prune the affected stems then burn or throw them away so they don’t spread to other plants
- Use a fungicide containing the active ingredient cover at a dose that has been determined according to the high or low level of attack of this disease.
That’s all I can convey regarding information on types and methods of controlling pests and diseases of longan plants. Hope it helps.
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